grep: Search for patterns in files.

• Example: grep "error" logfile.txt

• Options:

  • -i: Ignore case.

  • -r: Recursive search.

sed: Stream editor for text manipulation.

• Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt

awk: Process and analyze text files.

• Example: awk '{print $1, $3}' file.txt (Prints the first and third columns).

cut: Extract specific columns from a file.

• Example: cut -d',' -f2 data.csv (Extracts the second column in a CSV).

sort: Sort text files.

• Example: sort file.txt

uniq: Remove duplicate lines.

• Example: uniq file.txt